Acute Retinal Necrosis Associated with Pseudorabies Virus Infection: A Case Report and Literature Review

PurposeTo analyze a case of acute retinal necrosis (ARN) associated with pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection and discusses the clinical characteristics of PRV-induced ARN (PRV-ARN).MethodsCase report and literature review of ocular features in PRV-ARN.ResultsA 52-year-old female diagnosed with encephalitis presented with bilateral vision loss, mild anterior uveitis, vitreous opacity, occlusive retinal vasculitis, and retinal detachment in her left eye. The result of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) indicated that both cerebrospinal fluids and vitreous fluid tested positive for PRV.ConclusionPRV, a zoonosis, can infect both humans and mammals. Patients affected with PRV may experience severe encephalitis and oculopathy, and the infection has been associated with high mortality and disability. ARN is the most common ocular disease, which develops rapidly following encephalitis and is characterized by five figures: bilateral onset, rapid progression, severe visual impairment, poor response to systemic antiviral drugs, and an unfavorable prognosis.