Three-dimensional stability assessments of a non-circular tunnel face reinforced by bolts under seepage flow conditions
Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology（2023）
摘要
•Stability of non-circular tunnel face reinforced by bolts under seepage is assessed.•Upper-bound estimations to the safety factor of tunnel faces are provided.•Pore pressures considerably influence the required bolt layouts.
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关键词
Non-circular tunnel face,Safety factor,Bolt reinforcement,Seepage flow,Kinematical approach of limit analysis,3D discretization-based failure mechanism
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