Promoting school connectedness: A critical review of definitions and theoretical models for school-based interventions

Research demonstrates that school connectedness protects students from risky behaviors and improves healthy development and academic achievement. Despite its importance, there has been little focus on how to promote school connectedness through school-based interventions. One problem with this area of practical application is that school connectedness has been discussed in various disciplines, leading to multiple definitions and theoretical inconsistency in its usage. Another problem is the limited theoretical understanding of the core components that promote school connectedness, which is crucial in implementing and evaluating school-based interventions. Our critical review of definitions and theoretical models creates a more consistent foundation for practical applications that educators can adapt in school settings to enhance school connectedness.