Diffusion and Sorption Studies of Cs, Sr and Co in Intact Crystalline Rock

Three cationic tracers, Sr2+, Co2+ and Cs+ were tested with a modified electromigration device by applying 2V, 3V and 4V voltage gradients over an intact Grimsel granodiorite rock sample. An ideal plug-flow model and an advection-dispersion model were applied to analyze the breakthrough curves. Matrix characterization by C-14-PMMA autoradiography and scanning electron microscopy showed that in the centimeter scale of Grimsel granodiorite rock, the interconnected matrix porosity forms a well-connected network for diffusion. Micrometer-scale fissures are transecting biotite and chlorite minerals, indicating sorption of the studied cations. The ideal plug-flow model indicated that the effective diffusion coefficients (D-e values) for Sr2+, Co2+ and Cs+ tracer ions within the Grimsel granodiorite rock were 3.20 x 10(-13) m(2)/s, 1.23 x 10(-13) m(2)/s and 2.25 x 10(-12) m(2)/s, respectively. D-e values were also derived from the advection-dispersion model, from which 2.86 x 10(-13) m(2)/s, 1.35 x 10(-13) m(2)/s and 2.26 x 10(-12) m(2)/s were calculated. The diffusion speed for the tracers was in the sequence of Cs+ > Sr2+ > Co2+ that is in the same sequence as their diffusion in diluted water. The distribution coefficients (K-d values) calculated from the models covered the range of two magnitudes (from 10(-7) m(3)/kg to 10(-5) m(3)/kg). The result indicated that the sorption process of the studied elements did not reach equilibrium during the electromigration process, mainly due to the too much acceleration of the migration speed by the voltage gradients applied over the rock sample.