Effect of the Mechanical Properties of the Cell Membrane on the Transition Energy Barrier of Electroporation

The mechanical properties of the cell membrane play an important role in electroporation. This paper studied the influence of the mechanical properties of the cell membrane on the transition energy of electroporation through both modeling and experiments. An electromechanical coupling model of a single pore on the cell membrane was established in COMSOL, and the effect of elastic strain energy on the formation of pores was analyzed. Additionally, to compare the transition energy barrier of pores for different elastic properties of the cell membrane, electroporation experiments were carried out at different temperatures. The simulation showed that the elastic strain energy of the cell membrane increased the transition energy barrier of the pores. The experiments also showed that the transition energy barrier was larger when the elasticity of the cell membrane is intact, which was in good agreement quantitatively with the simulation results. We demonstrated that the mechanical properties of the cell membrane hinder the pore formation, which may be due to the increase of the transition energy barrier. We analyzed the possible mechanism of the effect of cell membrane mechanical properties on electroporation and found the contribution of cell membrane mechanical properties to electroporation during the delivery of exogenous substances, which can provide guidance for improving therapies in electrochemotherapy.