Vitis vinifera plants edited in DMR6 genes show improved resistance to downy mildew

The production and cultivation of vines ( Vitis vinifera ) tolerant or resistant to diseases such as downy mildew (DM) is a promising strategy to reduce fungicides and help viticulture sustainability. In many crops, generation of knock-out mutants in host genes controlling susceptibility to DM, such as Downy Mildew Resistant 6 ( DMR6 ) is a strategy of proven success to obtain resistant plants, while the effect of mutations in DMR6 genes has yet to be demonstrated in grapevine. In addition, small mutations in genes governing important traits can be obtained by gene-editing while maintaining the genetic background of commercially important clones. Moreover, very recent advances in the technology of gene-editing allowed to produce non-transgenic grapevine mutants, by regeneration of protoplasts previously edited with the CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein. This approach may revolutionize the production of new grapevine varieties and clones, but it requires knowledge on the targets, and an extensive evaluation of the impact of their mutation on plant phenotype and fitness. In this work we generated single and double knock-out mutants in DMR6 susceptibility (S) genes in multiple grapevine cultivars with improved resistance to DM. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.