Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopic studies of the carbon dioxide reduction reaction in a modified flow cell

We have developed a flow cell for the operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy of CO2RR, providing an identical catalytic environment as that of the electrochemical measurement. Two model catalysts, metallic copper and copper hydroxide, are investigated. These catalysts undergo a remarkable reduction to the metallic state in the flow cell during CO2RR.