Supply-Demand Interactive Equilibrium Model of Multiple Multi-Energy Parks Based on Aggregative Game Mechanism

As multiple energy flows such as cold, heat, and electricity show more in-depth coupling characteristics in multiple dimensions of source, grid, load, and storage, the strategic goals of carbon emission peaking and carbon neutrality and the requirements for building a new-type power system call for advancement of integrated energy system (IES). However, there still exists problems on demand side like lacking highly effective demand response projects to trigger flexible energy interaction. It is urgent to design a friendly interactive mechanism between the power grid and users in IES to alleviate the challenges for flexibility on both supply and demand ends. The proportion of comprehensive energy consumption in the form of park aggregator (PA) in smart cities is increasing year by year. In this context, this article focuses on the interactive optimizing operation scenario of the park-level IES clusters, builds a supply-demand interactive equilibrium model of multiple multi-energy parks based on the multiple multi-energy park aggregative game (MMPAG) and dynamic energy pricing mechanism, and proves the existence and uniqueness of the game solutions. The case studies show that guided by the proposed MMPAG and pricing scheme, multi-energy synergy and efficient interaction are realized and the equilibrium state of supply and demand are achieved among MMPs and energy networks. The model enables each park to optimize individual economy and all the parks to effectively reduce the overall operating cost simultaneously. Besides, the net load at the PA is optimized to remarkably release the transmission burden of the tie line driven by the proposed approach.