The biological macrosystems structuring

The modern views on the structuring of biological macrosystems are presented: biogeocenoses, biocenoses, parcels, sinusias, consortia, biohorizon too. The methodological approaches and principles of an integrated study of the structural organization of ecosystems are discussed. The cause-and-effect differences in the structure of terrestrial (biogeocenoses) and aquatic (biohydrocenoses) bio-axial systems are established. The necessity of the protection of consortial biodiversity is grounded. The similarities in the mechanisms of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems for different types of anthropogenic impact on them are revealed, since the inhibition of populations of the main components of biological macrosystems occurs in one direction: from higher heterotrophs to lower autotrophs. It has been established that higher plants are the most stable in both types of ecosystems, and vertebrates are the most sensitive. It is shown that in case of preservation of the autotrophic block, the process of digression is reversible, and the demutation processes in disturbed biocenoses occur in reverse order.