Completing the open innovation system: New perspectives from Inside-In to Outside-Out

Open innovation is presently built on Outside-In, Inside-Out and Coupled open innovation foundations. We propose extending and completing the open innovation framework to recognise two other forms of open innovation: Inside-In open innovation and Outside- Out open innovation. We argue that this has several main advantages. First, studies of Inside-In and Outside-Out open innovation may be useful in their own right. Second, this can help change analysis of open innovation from that of a series of discrete transactions to that of an interconnected dynamic system. Third, interpreting open innovation as a dynamic system helps illuminate the potential role and relevance of dynamic capabilities in this area of research. Finally, we argue this may offer useful perspectives for both scholarship and practice.