A real-time 3D electromagnetic navigation system for percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy in patients with lumbar disc herniation: a retrospective study

Background In this study, we present a novel electromagnetic navigation (EMN) system for percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) procedure. The objective of this study was to investigate the safety and effectiveness of the PTED with the assistance of the EMN system and compare it with the conventional PTED with the assistance of fluoroscopic guidance (C-arm). Methods The clinical data of 79 patients (32 in EMN group and 47 in C-arm group) undergoing PTED for lumbar disc herniation (LDH) from January to September of 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The radiation time, puncture time, operation time, visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), modified MacNab criteria, and radiological parameters were recorded in both groups. Results Radiation time, puncture time, and operation time were significantly reduced in the EMN group compared with the C-arm group ( P < 0.05). Compared with the C-arm group, a steeper learning curve was observed in the EMN group. There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding VAS and ODI scores at different time points ( P > 0.05). The satisfaction rates of the EMN and C-arm groups were 90.63 and 87.23%, respectively, but no significant difference was found between the two groups ( P > 0.05). There was no significant difference regarding translation and angular motion between the two groups at preoperation and postoperation ( P > 0.05). Conclusions The EMN system can be applied to facilitate the PETD procedure. It can significantly reduce the intraoperative radiation time, puncture time, and operation time, and reshape the learning curve of PTED. Due to limitations of a retrospective study, results may need validation with larger prospective randomized clinical trials.