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Spatial price equilibrium trade modelling: theory.

International trade in forest products: lumber trade disputes, models and examples(2021)

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摘要
Abstract The theory of measuring economic welfare across horizontal and vertical chains is provided in this chapter. As demonstrated, it underlies the spatial price equilibrium (SPE) trade models. The vertical and horizontal chains involved in a particular trade model, referred to as the REPA model, are described as an illustration.
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关键词
equilibrium,spatial,trade
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