Wolfram-like syndrome - another face of a rare disease in children

Objectives The presence of two pathogenic variants in the WFS1 gene leads to the occurrence of a rare genetic disease in children - Wolfram syndrome (WFS), which includes insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DM), optic atrophy (OA), diabetes insipidus (DI), and deafness (D). However, the presence of a single mutation in the WFS1 gene results in a number of other autosomal dominant inherited diseases, including Wolfram-like syndrome (WFS-like). Case presentation A 10-year-old boy was referred to the Genetic Outpatient Clinic with suspected WFS based on the coexistence of D, type 1 DM, short stature, and abnormalities in ophthalmologic examination (astigmatism and OA due to the optical coherence tomography result). The genetic analysis did not confirm WFS syndrome in the boy but identified a single likely pathogenic de novo variant in the WFS1 gene, which confirmed WFS-like syndrome. Conclusions Currently, the patient is under the care of an endocrinologist, diabetologist, ophthalmologist, audiologist, and also psychologist because of mood disorders.