Effect of Advanced/hybrid Oxidation Process Involving Ultrasonication and Ultraviolet Radiation (sonophotolysis) on Anthocyanin Stability: Degradation Kinetics and Mechanism.

The hybrid oxidation effect of ultrasonics (US) and ultraviolet light (UV-A) on Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) stability were examined. For comparison, sonolysis and photolysis experiments were also conducted. The results showed that under hybrid sonophotolysis and sonolysis treatment, C3G degradation undergoes zero-order kinetics, while under photolysis, first-order degradation kinetic prevailed. The degradation rate increases with the increase in US power, with the lowest, was recorded as 0.70 mu g/ml/h (14 W/L) and 0.77 mu g/ml/h (28 W/L), and highest as 0.80 mu g/ml/h (42 W/L). Similarly, the degradation ability of UV photolysis at 400 mu W/cm(2) was weak, which increased with increasing UV power (600 mu W/cm(2)). Overall the sonophotolysis degradation rate was significantly higher than that of the individual effect. With the addition of gallic acid (GA), the degradation of C3G was found lower under sonophotolysis; thus, it could be used as a natural protective agent for C3G during food processing.