Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices: From Design to Applications

Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (mu PADs) have garnered significant interest as a promising analytical platform in the past decade. Compared with traditional microfluidics, mu PADs present unique advantages, such as easy fabrication using established patterning methods, economical cost, ability to drive and manipulate flow without equipment, and capability of storing reagents for various applications. This Review aims to provide a comprehensive review of the field, highlighting fabrication methods available to date with their respective advantages and drawbacks, device designs and modifications to accommodate different assay needs, detection strategies, and the growing applications of mu PADs. Finally, we discuss how the field needs to continue moving forward to realize its full potential.