High efficiency reduction of CO₂ to CO and CH₄ via photothermal synergistic catalysis of lead-free perovskite Cs3Sb₂I₉

Solar-energy-driven CO2 and H2O conversion into value-added chemical fuel holds great potential in solving the greenhouse effect problem and the energy crisis. Herein, the novel lead-free perovskite Cs3Sb2I9 photocatalyst was developed to realize high efficiency reduction of CO2 to CO and CH4 by photothermal synergistic catalysis. The production rate of the novel catalytic system is 95.7 mu mol g 1 h(-1) without any sacrificial agents or cocatalysts, which are 87-fold and 5.2-fold higher than that of pure photocatalysis and pure thermal catalysis respectively, and an order of magnitude higher compared to previous literatures. Through the obtained evidence of the formate active intermediates, defects active sites produced in reaction process and photogenerated charge enhanced activity driven by built-in electric field, it is revealed that the defects active sites produced by the thermal excitation of Cs3Sb2I9 photocatalyst can adsorb and activate CO2, while the plentiful electrons excited by light can provide the CO2Y reduction capacity, the synergistic effect of them enhance the activity of CO2 reduction reaction. This work firstly reports the novel Sb-based perovskite material was developed as photocatalyst for artificial synthetic CO2 and H2O into solar energy fuels and provides new insights on photothermal synergistic catalysis.