Changing from a Two-Tiered to a One-Tiered Trauma Team Activation Protocol: a Before–after Observational Cohort Study Investigating the Clinical Impact of Undertriage

Background The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the change in TTA protocol from a two-tier to one-tier, with focus on undertriage and mortality . Material and methods A before–after observational cohort study based on data extracted from the Stavanger University Hospital Trauma registry in the transition period from two-tier to a one-tier TTA protocol over two consecutive 1-year periods (2017–2018). Comparative analysis was done between the two time-periods for descriptive characteristics and outcomes. The main outcomes of interest were undertriage and mortality. Results During the study period 1234 patients were included in the registry, of which 721 (58%) were in the two-tier and 513 (42%) in the one-tier group. About one in five patients (224/1234) were severely injured (ISS > 15). Median age was 39 in the two-tier period and 43 years in the one-tier period ( p = 0.229). Median ISS was 5 for the two-tier period vs 9, in the one-tier period ( p = 0.001). The undertriage of severely injured patients in the two-tier period was 18/122 (15%), compared to 31/102 (30%) of patients in the one-tier period (OR = 2.5; 95% CI 1.8–4.52). Overall mortality increased significantly between the two TTA protocols, from 2.5 to 4.7% ( p = 0.033), OR 0.51 (0.28–0.96) Conclusion A protocol change from two-tiered TTA to one-tiered TTA increased the undertriage in our trauma system. A two-tiered TTA may be beneficial for better patient care.