细梗香草化学成分的分离鉴定

目的:对细梗香草正丁醇部位进行系统的化学成分研究.方法:取细梗香草药材粉碎,用70％乙醇回流提取,减压回收溶剂得浸膏,浸膏经水溶解后,用正丁醇萃取,得到正丁醇部位,采用大孔树脂柱,中压ODS柱色谱,硅胶柱色谱,LH-20型羟丙基葡聚糖凝胶(Sephadex LH-20)柱色谱和制备高效液相色谱等技术手段进行分离纯化,分离得到单体化合物,并经波谱数据分析和文献数据鉴定化合物的结构.结果:从细梗香草正丁醇提取物中分离得到15个化合物,其中6个皂苷类和9个黄酮苷类化合物,分别鉴定为细梗香草皂苷B(1),细梗香草皂苷C(2),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)-[4-O-E-p-coumaroyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)][β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→6)]-β-D-galactopyranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(3),kaempferol-3-O-{ [β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)][α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)]}-β-D-3-trans-p-coumaroylgalactopyranoside(4),细梗香草皂苷K(5),3β-O-{ α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 →2)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl}-16α-hydroxyolean-28,13β-olide(6),细梗香草皂苷Ⅰ(7),quercetin-3-O-(2",6"-di-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-galactopyranoside(8),kaempferol-3-O-{ [β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)][α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]}-β-D-galactopyranoside(9),kaempferol-3-O-[2-glucopyranosyl (1→3)rhamnopyranosyl-6-rhamnopyranosyl]-β-D-galactopyranoside(10),kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosy-(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosy-(1→6)]-β-D-galactopyranoside(11),capilliposide Ⅰ(12),kaempferol-3-O-｛ (β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-[4-O-(E-p-coumaroyl)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-(β-D-galactopyranoside)}-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(13),kaempferol-3-O-{ [β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→3)]-4-O-(E-p-coumaroyl)}-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1 →6)-β-D-glucopyranoside-7-O(4-O-acetyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(14),(3β,20S,23S,24R)-3,20,23,24,25,29-hexahydroxydammaran-21-oic acid-21,23-lactone 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 →6)-β-D-gluco-pyranoside(15).结论:化合物3,4,6,9,10,13～15为首次在该植物中分离得到.