Kinetics, kinematics, and knee muscle activation during sit to stand transition in unilateral and bilateral knee osteoarthritis

Background: The sit to stand transition (STS) is a task performed by those with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) with biomechanical modifications that may influence the lower limb load distribution. As a weight bearing task mainly performed in the sagittal plane, the presence of unilateral or bilateral KOA may lead to asymmetry during its performance. Research question: Are the biomechanical and neuromuscular aspects of the sit to stand transition (STS) different between participants with unilateral and bilateral KOA? Methods: Twenty-eight participants were allocated as follows: unilateral KOA (OAUNI; n = 12) and bilateral KOA (OABI; n = 16). All participants were evaluated by means of kinematics (Qualisys Motion Capture System, Qualisys Medical AB, SUE), kinetics (Bertec Corporation's model 4060-08 Mod., USA), and electromyography (TrignoTM Wireless System, DelSys Inc., USA) during the STS. The variables calculated were the symmetry indices of the total support moment (TSM) and ground reaction force (ISGRF and ISTSM, respectively), magnitude of the TSM, individual joint contribution to the TSM, peak trunk flexion, hip, knee, and ankle range of motion, duration in seconds, the magnitudes of activation of the extensor and flexor muscles, knee extensors: flexor co contraction indices and isometric knee extensor peak torques. Participants also answered the WOMAC questionnaire and performed the 30-second STS test (STS30). Results: The OA(BI) got up from a chair with a lower TSM magnitude in the most affected limb (p = 0.040), used greater trunk flexion amplitude (p <= 0.034), and presented lower isometric KET (p = 0.039) and worse self reported pain (p = 0.011) and physical function (p = 0.015). Significance: Participants with unilateral and bilateral KOA differ regarding lower limb kinetics and trunk kinematics while getting up from a chair, without modification in the lower limb intersegmental coordination or symmetry regarding ground reaction force or TSM distribution.