Lipid Profiles of Acid-Tolerant Mutants of the Green Microalga Chlorella Saccharophila Reveal Hydrocarbons and High-Value Lipids with Potential Industrial Applications

This study analyzed the lipid profiles of two acid-tolerant mutants (M1 and M5) and a wild-type (WT) strain of Chlorella saccharophila. Six main types of compounds were identified in the lipid fractions: hydrocarbons, FAMEs (after transesterification of TAGs), free fatty acids, terpenes, sterols and fatty alcohols. Compared with the M1 and M5 mutant lines, the WT strain presented the highest relative abundance of hydrocarbons (73.63%), while the relative abundance of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) obtained were higher in the M1 (28.39%) and M5 (29.17%) mutants than in the WT strain. High-value lipids, including terpenes and fatty alcohols, were also detected in higher proportions in the M1 and M5 mutants than in the WT strain, while sterols were only detected in the M1 and M5 mutants. These results show that C. saccharophila and its acid-tolerant mutants are a rich source of lipids with potential industrial applications.