Nutritional Intervention and Functional Exercises Improve Depression, Loneliness and Quality of Life in Elderly Women with Sarcopenia: a Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract Introduction: Loneliness interferes with the eating habits and functionality of the elderly, compromising their quality of life. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of eating and performing functional group-based exercises on depressive symptoms, loneliness and quality of life in patients with sarcopenia treated at a public health service. Method: This is a randomized clinical trial with a convenience sample of elderly women with sarcopenia according to the European Work Group of Sarcopenia on Older People (EWGSOP), divided into three groups of 20 subjects each: a control group (CG), functional exercise group (FEG), monitored using the Home-based Older People’s Exercise (HOPE) program, and functional exercise and nutritional intervention group (NIG), which in addition to HOPE, received pre-training fruit juice (fast-absorbing carbohydrates) and post-training banana smoothie reinforced with peanut (leucine). These groups met twice a week for 12 weeks, the control group (CG) received health guidance at weekly meetings for 12 weeks. The results of the interventions were analyzed using the geriatric depression scale and UCLA loneliness scale, and quality of life using the EQ-5D. Results: Significant post-intervention differences were observed in the NIG group in depressive (p=0.008) and loneliness symptoms (0.04) and quality of life (0.009), demonstrating the effects of group exercise and eating as a social activity. Conclusion: Nutritional intervention and functional group-based exercises were effective at minimizing depressive symptoms, social isolation, and improving the quality of life of elderly women with sarcopenia.