Methods for the teaching of gross anatomy: A qualitative look at the use of cadaver dissection, prosection, plastination, and computer-aided technology as effective methods

Human dissection as a means of studying human anatomy began 2,300 years ago. In the 20th century new teaching and learning methods of Gross Anatomy such as plastinated models and computer‐aided technology came into practice. This literature review aims to determine which methods are most effective, efficient, and beneficial for promoting student learning of Gross Anatomy. An electronic database search of MEDLINE and Cinahl was conducted. 3 reviewers extracted data and assessed methodologic quality using a standardized process and data form. Discrepancies were resolved using a normative process. Articles were identified that analyzed the use and effectiveness of cadaver dissection, prosection, plastination, and/or computer‐aided technology in the teaching of Gross Anatomy to health science students, specifically Physical Therapy students. The results of the literature review indicated that the concurrent use of multiple methods of teaching was the most efficient and beneficial way to learn Gross Anatomy; that dissections alone were not as effective and efficient as cadaver usage (including dissections or prosections) alongside plastinations and/or computer‐aided technology.