Needle-based Deep-Neural-network Camera

We experimentally demonstrate a camera whose primary optic is a cannula/needle ( d i a m e t e r = 0.22 m m and l e n g t h = 12.5 m m ) that acts as a light pipe transporting light intensity from an object plane (35 cm away) to its opposite end. Deep neural networks (DNNs) are used to reconstruct color and grayscale images with a field of view of 18° and angular resolution of ∼ 0.4 ∘ . We showed a large effective demagnification of 127 × . Most interestingly, we showed that such a camera could achieve close to diffraction-limited performance with an effective numerical aperture of 0.045, depth of focus ∼ 16 µ m , and resolution close to the sensor pixel size (3.2 µm). When trained on images with depth information, the DNN can create depth maps. Finally, we show DNN-based classification of the EMNIST dataset before and after image reconstructions. The former could be useful for imaging with enhanced privacy.