Lung adenocarcinoma-related TNF--dependent inflammation upregulates MHC-II on alveolar type II cells through CXCR-2 to contribute to Treg expansion

MHC-II on alveolar type-II (AT-II) cells is associated with immune tolerance in an inflammatory microenvironment. Recently, we found TNF-alpha upregulated MHC-II in AT-II in vitro. In this study, we explored whether TNF-alpha-mediated inflammation upregulates MHC-II on AT-II cells to trigger Treg expansion in inflammation-driven lung adenocarcinoma (IDLA). Using urethane-induced mice IDLA model, we found that IDLA cells mainly arise from AT-II cells, which are the major source of MHC-II. Blocking urethane-induced inflammation by TNF-alpha neutralization inhibited tumorigenesis and reversed MHC-II upregulation on tumor cells of AT-II cellular origin in IDLA. MHC-II-dependent AT-II cells were isolated from IDLA-induced Treg expansion. In human LA samples, we found high expression of MHC-II in tumor cells of AT-II cellular origin, which was correlated with increased Foxp3(+)T cells infiltration as well as CXCR-2 expression. CXCR-2 and MHC-II colocalization was observed in inflamed lung tissue and IDLA cells of AT-II cellular origin. Furthermore, at the pro-IDLA inflammatory stage, TNF-alpha-neutralization or CXCR-2 deficiency inhibited the upregulation of MHC-II on AT-II cells in inflamed lung tissue. Thus, tumor cells of AT-II cellular origin contribute to Treg expansion in an MHC-II-dependent manner in TNF-alpha-mediated IDLA. At the pro-tumor inflammatory stage, TNF-alpha-dependent lung inflammation plays an important role in MHC-II upregulation on AT-II cells.