Vaccine hesitancy: A review to address the phenomenon in Latin America Indecisión a las vacunas: una revisión sistemática para abordar el fenómeno en Latinoamérica Hesitância vacina: uma revisão para enfrentar o fenômeno na América Latina

Introduction: In recent years there have been movements of people, usually parents, who reject or are undecided about the use of vaccines due to the lack of awareness of its risks and the severity of diseases that can be prevented by vaccination, as well as the dissemination of false news about the safety and efficacy of vaccines in the social networks. Research in countries in Europe and North America have come up with a term to study this phenomenon, this term is Vaccine Hesitancy. However, this research is scarce in Latin America. Objective: The objective of this review is to identify potentially valid and reliable instrument that can be adapted and modified both to Spanish and to the Latin America context, related to the indecision to use vaccines within parents. Methodology: A search was conducted on three PubMed, EBSCOhost and BVS databases; with the descriptive terms of health sciences: "vaccine hesitancy", "parents", and "vaccination refusal". The results yielded 394 articles of which 19 were chosen for the assessment. Results: The main tools identified to measure vaccine hesitancy were the questionnaires named "Parental Attitudes Bernal-Vaquera BM, Morales-Jinez A, Moreno-Pérez NE 2 about Childhood Vaccines" and "Vaccine Hesitancy Scale". Conclusion: “The Parent Attitudes on Childhood Vaccines” questionnaire is the most widely used and validated tool in different languages to measure vaccine hesitancy.