Congenital Pulmonary Adenomatoid Malformation: Unusual Revelation

Congenital pulmonary adenomatoid malformation (CPAM) is a congenital lung malformation that is distinguished by abnormal airway patterning during branching morphogenesis. It may lead to significant morbidity and mortality in infants due to complications such as pulmonary infections, lung hypoplasia, respiratory distress, and fetal hydrops. The diagnosis is usually prenatal thanks to morphological ultrasound; in postnatal, the anomaly may remain asymptomatic or show respiratory signs or complications. The postnatal diagnosis is based on computed tomography. In this article, we report a case of congenital pulmonary adenomatoid malformation in a 7-month-old patient who presented respiratory distress that is due to voluminous infected pleural effusion. The diagnosis of CPAM was suspected at the initial CT and confirmed at the control CT that was realized after treatment of the infection. The therapeutic management of CPAM is depending on the severity of complications and its evolution.