A Prospective Head-to-Head Comparison of 18F-Fluciclovine With 68Ga-PSMA-11 in Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer in PET/CT.

Purpose One of the major challenges for all imaging modalities is accurate detection of prostate cancer (PCa) recurrence. Beyond the established Ga-68-PSMA, a novel promising PET tracer in PCa imaging is F-18-fluciclovine. For evaluating the advantages and disadvantages and the comparability, we conducted a prospective head-to-head comparison on F-18-fluciclovine and Ga-68-PSMA-11 in patients with biochemical recurrence of PCa. Methods 58 patients with biochemical recurrence of PCa after definitive primary therapy were included. Both scans were performed within a time window of mean 9.4 days. All scans were visually analyzed independently on a patient-, region- and lesion-based analysis. All the examinations were performed in the same medical department using identical scanners at any time. Results The overall detection rate for PCa recurrence was 79.3% in F-18-fluciclovine and 82.8% in Ga-68-PSMA-11 (P = 0.64). Local recurrence was detected in 37.9% on F-18-fluciclovine and in 27.6% on Ga-68-PSMA-11 (P = 0.03). Local pelvic lymph node recurrence was detected on F-18-fluciclovine versus Ga-68-PSMA-11 in 46.6% versus 50%, in extrapelvic lymph node metastases in 41.4% versus 51.7% and in bone metastases in 25.9% versus 36.2%. Lesion-based analysis showed identical findings in local pelvic lymph nodes in 39.7%, in extrapelvic lymph nodes in 22.4%, and in bone metastases in 13.8%. Conclusions The advantage of F-18-fluciclovine is detecting curable localized disease in close anatomical relation to the urinary bladder, whereas Ga-68-PSMA-11 fails because of accumulation of activity in the urinary bladder. F-18-fluciclovine is almost equivalent to Ga-68-PSMA-11 in detecting distant metastases of PCa recurrence.