73. Using Opto-Chemogenetics to Assess the Role of Orexin/Glutamate Hypothalamic System in Panic/Phobia and to Identify Panic/Phobia Off/On Inputs

Discovered in 1998, it was not initially appreciated that orexin neurons (colocalized with glutamate) are almost exclusively concentrated in the perifornical hypothalamus (PeF) region, which when stimulated elicits panic-associated behavior and cardiovascular responses in rodents and induces core symptoms of panic attacks in humans.