Torrefaction of eucalyptus-tree residues: A new method for energy and mass balances of the process with the best torrefaction conditions

•Torrefaction of eucalyptus residues produced a lignite-like biocoal.•The new proposed variable Energy Gain was better for selecting process conditions.•Heat involved in the torrefaction process was determined by DSC.•Combustion of exhaust gases provides 72% of whole energy.•An integrated process burning 12% of the product allowed energy self-sufficiency.