Considerations about the woody vegetation of the Băiţa-Crăciuneşti area, Hunedoara County.
Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series(2014)
Abstract
Baiţa Craciunesti area is situated on the territory of 3 localities: Peștera, Ormindea and Craciunești, which belong to the locality of Baița, Hunedoara County, about 27 km North from Deva.This project aimed to identify and monitor rare endemical endangered and jeopardized plant species of Nature 2000 plant communities and habitats that lived in the quarry and nearby, since it is placed close to the contact limit of the protected area ROSCI0110Baița Hills. In terms of flora a number 360 taxons have been identified, which shows the floristic richness of the area and a low human impact regarding the activity of a mining quarry. Both in the area and nearby the quarry a number of rare, endemic, endangered and vulnerable species have been identified. In terms of phytocoenology we have identified and analyzed a number of 38 plant communities. Some of them are mentioned for the first time in this area. Several types of habitats have been identified and their conservation status has been noted. The permanency of grasslands and forest ecosystems across quarry has been observed and analyzed. These ecosystems should be viewed as dynamic ecosystems. INTRODUCTION The topic field of this research is part of the Ore Mountains, placed between DevaOrmindea and Ampoi corridor, between Mureș Valley and Brad basin (Fig. 1). This area is very important in terms of geo-botany, fauna and landscape. Researched area is located on the contact line of the west crest of the protected area ROSCI0110Baița hills, highly important area which nestles a number of species and habitats Nature 2000, most of these being found in the area of Baita-Craciunesti Quarry. The general aspect of vegetation in this area represents an image of the very different stationary conditions, to which one can add the influence of the anthropo-zoogenous factors. The wooden vegetation is represented by forests, underwoods and riverside coppices, the forests occupy the largest area. MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to identify the flora species and the inter-taxa, we looked into: Romanian Flora, vol. I-XII (1952-1976); Flora Europaea, vol. I-V (1964-1980); Flora Italica, vol. I-II, by P. Zangheri (1976); The Romania illustrated Flora – Pteridophyta et Spermatophyta, by V. Ciocârlan (2000); Alpina Flora, Vol.I, II, III by D. Aeschimann et al. (2004). Regarding the nomenclature, we chose the nomenclature solutions which are considered correct, in accordance with The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Melbourne, 2011). For the study of the vegetal carpet in this area, we have used methods of phytosociologic research characteristic to the Central European phyto-sociologic School, which was based on the principles and methods elaborated by J. Braun-Blanquet (1926) and adapted by A. Borza (1934) to the particularities of our country’s vegetation. The woody plant communities have been analyzed and characterized from the chorological, ecological point of views. They were also examined according to their floristic Analele Universitaţii din Craiova, seria Agricultura – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLIV 2014 177 composition and physiognomy and syndynamics. We gave a special attention to the calculation of the quantitative index Bray-Curtis and to performing the dendograms, by using the Group-Average method (UPGMA) in the program SYN-TAX 2000 (for the associations with minimum 10 surveys). In order to identify the habitats, we looked into: Natura 2000 in Romania Habitat fact sheets (2008); Habitats from Romania by Doniţa N. & al. (2005); Manual interpretation of Natura 2000 Habitats in Romania by D. Gafta & O. Mountfordcoord. (2008); and Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats EUR27 (European Commission. DG Environment. Nature and biodiversity, 2007). Fig. 1. Aspect from the Baița-Craciunești area (Foto M. Niculescu, 2014) RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Following field research conducted in Baița-Craciunești area, the presence of an extremely interesting vegetation cover was discovered, characterized by a very large biodiversity, with a quite good state of preservation due to the influence of anthropozoogen factors in this area. Woody vegetation is represented by forest and shrub vegetation particularly specific to the limestone sub-layer. The main forest plant associations found here are: Bromo sterilis-Robinietum (Pocs 1954) (tabel 1, fig. 3, 4, 5), Balloto nigrae-Ailanthetum altissimae Sirbu & Oprea 2010, Quercetum petraeae-cerris Soo (1957) 1969, CoryloTilietum cordatae Vida 1959, Lathyro hallersteinii-Carpinetum Coldea 1975 (Syn. Quercetum pataeae-Carpinetum auct. transsilv.), Carpino-Fagetum Pauca 1941, PopuloBetuletum pendulae Coldea 1972 (Syn. Junipero-Betuletum albae Soo ex Borza et Boscaiu 1965), Genisto tinctoriae-Quercetum petraeae Klika 1939. The plant community Bromo sterilis-Robinietum pseudacaciae (Pocs 1954) Soo 1964 (syn. Robinietum pseudacaciae (Arvat 1939) Balasz 1942; Agropyro-Robinietum pseudacaciae Szabo 1971) is very widespread around the area. Even if the vegetal association is enlightened by an invasive plant, in this respect the association being present in the area is a benefit. This has a very important role against erosion, rearranging and fixing the soil through the invasive and characteristic specieRobinia pseudoaccacia. The plant community is very prevailed in the whole area and has a huge stability. A complex study regarding the phisionomy and floristical composition was accomplished as well as calculating the BrayCurtis quantity index and making the dendograme for this plant community using the Group-Average UPGMA from the SYN-TAX programe for plant communities with minimum 10 relevees. From the dendrograme analysis one can Analele Universitaţii din Craiova, seria Agricultura – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLIV 2014 178 nottice that this is formed by 2 clusters, the first having a higher stability from the quantity point of view, in which the relevees are grouped 1, 2, 6, 5, 4, 8, 9, 10 (fig. 2). These relevees were performed close to the quarry of the closed exploits, in the neighbouring of the area where we realised the experiment of establishing the brush. This proves the great stability of the present photocenosis. The second cluster groups only two relevees, 3 and 7, and were done very close to the digging area, exactly on the brim of the quarry access road, the quantity stability of the photocenosis being very reduced. Fig.2. The dendrogram of plant community Bromo sterilis-Robinietum (Pocs 1954) Soo Populo-Betuletum Pendulae Coldea 1972 (Syn. Junipero-Betuletum albae Soo ex Borza et Boscaiu 1965) appear on the degraded land of the quarry and help soil restore, being an intermediary association, a succession phase to genuine forest vegetation. Along Cainelului Valley meadow plant coommunities are to be found: Stellario nemori-Alnetum glutinosae (Karstner 1938) Lohm. 1957, Salicetum purpureae (Soo 1934 a.n.) Wendelbg.-Zelinky 1952. Shrubs vegetation is well represented. It is represented by the following plant communities: Pruno spinosae-Crategetum (Soo 1927) Hueck 1931, Coryletum avellanae Soo, Syringo-Fraxinetum orni Borza 1958 em. Resmeriţa 1972 (syn.: Syringeto-Fraxinetum orni coryletosum colurnae Borza 1958), Euonymo-Sambucetum nigrae Moor 1967. The most important is Syringo-Fraxinetum Orni Borza 1958 em. Resmerita 1972 specific to the cliffs in the area. This plsnt community is characterized by a great biodiversity and the presence of thermophilic species baring a particular scientific importance, becoming a part in building the priority habitat 40A0* [Subcontinental periPannonic scrub] CLAS. PAL.: 31.8B12p, 31.8B13, 31.8B14, 31.8B3p. Forest habitats Several types of forest habitats have been identified in the quarry and its neighborning. One important habitat in this area is the habitat 91M0 Pannonian-Balkanic turkey oak-sessile oak forests; CLAS. PAL.: 41.76. Characteristic species and dominante for the Bromo sterilis-Robinietum pseudacaciae_UPGMA_Bray-Curtis
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Key words
woody vegetation,hunedoara county,area,a-cra
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