Carotid intima-media thickness in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: A single center cross-sectional study
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Aim: Our aim was to assess common carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) and to find relation between cIMT and clinical and biochemical parameters in these patients. Materials and methods: In 50 children with INS we retrospectively evaluated: cIMT ((mm) and Z-score) and selected clinical and biochemical parameters. The control group consisted of 20 healthy children aged 9.46 +/- 2.29 years. Results: Children with INS had higher cIMT (0.45 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.40 +/- 0.05 (mm), p = 0.0002) and cIMT Z-score (1.72 +/- 1.01 vs. 0.43 +/- 1.01, p < 0.0001) than the control group. In the INS group, children with arterial hypertension had significantly higher cIMT (p = 0.0148) than normotensive children. In 50 children, with INS we found correlations between cIMT and disease duration (r = 0.40, p = 0.0040), number of INS relapses (r = 0.51, p < 0.0001), cumulative prednisone dose (r = 0.45, p = 0.0010), and BMI (r = 0.35, p = 0.0120); whereas, cIMT Z-score correlated only with the number of INS relapses (r = 0.41, p = 0.0160) and cumulative prednisone dose (r = 0.36, p = 0.0362). We found no relation between cIMT and response to corticosteroids, treatment used, and biochemical parameters. Conclusion: 1. Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome predisposes to atherosclerotic lesions in affected children. 2. The severity of atherosclerotic lesions is dependent mainly on the number of INS relapses, but disease vintage, cumulative steroid dose, body mass index, and presence of arterial hypertension may also be predisposing factors.