Fish Assemblage Structure and Spatial Gradients of Diversity in a Large Tropical Reservoir, Panchet in the Ganges Basin, India

Fish assemblage structure in Panchet, a large tropical reservoir along river Damodar, major tributary of river Ganga in India, was studied along the spatial gradient of the impoundment. Fish samples were collected bimonthly from October 2014 to September 2016. Fish community structure in terms of species composition, relative abundance, and trophic and conservation status was recorded. Spatial fish diversity was analyzed from riverine, transitional, and lacustrine zones. Sixty-two fish species were recorded wherein the family Cyprinidae dominated in number of species (26) followed by Bagridae (5). Shannon diversity index, evenness index, and species richness did not reveal significant variation (p > 0.05) across different zones. Relative abundance of individuals and species richness were maximum in the transitional zone and minimum in the lacustrine zone. Multi-dimensional scaling of fish assemblage revealed similar pattern in the riverine and transitional zones. Trophic guild of fishes indicated dominance of carnivorous species followed by planktivores. Conservation status (IUCN 2017.3) showed 4 fish species in Near Threatened category. The study suggests conservation of fish habitats to maintain diversity and sustained production. The baseline information generated in the study will be beneficial for monitoring the alteration in fish assemblage, conservation of fish diversity, and management planning.