Severe Ileocolonic Crohnʼs Disease Flare Associated with Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Requiring Diverting Ileostomy

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of developing Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an effective therapy with a high success rate in preventing recurrent CDI. However, patients with IBD have decreased response to FMT for recurrent CDI, with several reports also suggesting potential IBD flare post-FMT. We present a case of mild ileocolonic Crohn's disease in a patient treated with FMT for recurrent CDI who subsequently developed severe steroid-refractory flare requiring surgical intervention 1 week post-FMT. Greater understanding of risk factors associated with post-FMT IBD flare is indicated.