An exploratory case study of the impact of expanding cost-effectiveness analysis for second-line nivolumab for patients with squamous non-small cell lung cancer in Canada: Does it make a difference?

•In the payer analysis, nivolumab’s NMB was −$1031 if QALYs were valued at $150,000.•Nivolumab had a positive NMB when value was measured from a societal perspective.•Half of nivolumab’s value was omitted under traditional payer analysis.