Meat intake and incidence of cardiovascular disease in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: analysis of the Japan Diabetes Complications Study (JDCS)

Purpose Excessive meat intake has been researched as a major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among healthy adults, but data on this topic in Asian patients with diabetes are sparse. The quantity and variety of available meats vary widely between Asian and Western countries. As part of a nationwide cohort study we investigated the relationship between meat intake and incidence of CVD in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes aged 40–70 years with HbA1c ≥ 6.5%. Methods Analyzed were 1353 responders to a baseline dietary survey assessed by the Food Frequency Questionnaire based on food groups. Primary outcome was the 8-year risk of a CVD event, including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. Cox regression analyses estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for dietary intake adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, HbA1c, smoking, energy intake, and other confounders. Results Mean meat intake in quartiles ranged from 9.9 to 97.7 g/day. After adjusting for confounders, HRs of CHD in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles for meat intake compared with the 1st quartile were 2.84 (95% confidence interval 1.29–6.24, p = 0.01), 3.02 (1.36–6.70, p < 0.01), and 2.99 (1.35–6.65, p = 0.01), respectively. In two groups according to meat intake, patients consuming ≥ 20 g/day of meat had a 2.94-fold higher risk of CHD than those consuming < 20 g/day ( p < 0.01). There was no significant association of stroke with meat intake. Conclusions An elevated incidence of CHD in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes was associated with high meat intake.