Recent Advances in Palladium-Based Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cell Reactions and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Platinum (Pt)-based materials are the first choice as the electrocatalyts for many electrochemical reactions including those in fuel cells and electrolyzers due to their excellent activity and stability in harsh environments. Despite its lower cost, palladium (Pd) has attracted much less attention due to relatively lower activity and stability than Pt. Great efforts have been focusing on developing more active and stable Pd-based electrocatalyts aiming to partially or completely replace costly Pt for the past decade. This paper overviews the recent advances in Pd-based electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and fuel cell reactions including hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) and formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR).