Amine functionalized radiation-induced grafted water hyacinth fibers for Pb2+, Cu2+ and Cr3+ uptake

An amine group containing fibrous adsorbent was prepared by reaction of grafted water hyacinth fibers with ethylenediamine. Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was grafted onto water hyacinth fibers using gamma radiation induced graft polymerization through simultaneous grafting technique and this was used as base material for producing the amine type adsorbents. The conversion of the epoxy group from GMA into amine group was investigated. The concentration of ethylenediamine solution that gave the highest amine functional group density was 50% by volume in 2-propanol. The amine functionalized water hyacinth fibers were characterized using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). Information derived from these analyses confirms the successful conversion of the epoxy group. The amine-type adsorbent was evaluated for its uptake of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Cr3+ from aqueous solutions. The initial concentration of the metal ions and pH of the solutions were found to influence the amount of metal ions adsorbed by the amine-type adsorbent. The kinetics of adsorption was observed to follow Lagergren's first order equation. Results of ion sorption studies indicate that gamma radiation-induced grafting and subsequent chemical modification improved the ion sorption behaviour of water hyacinth fibers.