5-Azacytidine in the Treatment of Intermediate-2 and High-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Acute Myeloid Leukemia. A Five-Year Experience with 44 Consecutive Patients

Background/Aim: The hypomethylating agent 5-azacytidine has been the standard-of-care for patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) during the past few years. Its efficacy has been proven in large clinical trials, and its safety has been shown to be superior to that of conventional treatments. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on the efficacy and safety of 5-azacytidine in 44 consecutive patients with MDS and acute myeloid leukemia treated with 5-azacytidine during a 63-month period. We recorded the clinical and laboratory characteristics of the patients and we analyzed the response to treatment, overall survival and adverse events during treatment. Results: The median overall survival was 13 months, while serious adverse events consisted mostly of neutropenic infections. Conclusion: We reached two possibly valuable conclusions: Younger patients (<73 years), as well as patients receiving treatment at longer than 28-day intervals had a significantly higher overall survival.