Attenuation of lightning‐produced sferics in the Earth‐ionosphere waveguide and low‐latitude ionosphere

We compare radio atmospherics (sferics) detected by the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) to very low frequency (VLF) whistler waves observed in the low-latitude ionosphere by the Vector Electric Field Instrument of the Communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite. We also model the propagation of these sferics through the Earth-ionosphere waveguide to the subsatellite point using the Long-Wavelength Propagation Capability software and compare this result to the same C/NOFS data set. This unprecedentedly expansive data set allows comparison to theory and prior observation of VLF radio wave propagation in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide and low-latitude ionosphere. We show that WWLLN and C/NOFS observe the well-known effect of variable attenuation with direction within the Earth-ionosphere waveguide. Propagation within the ionosphere is also examined, and a lack of attenuation above 400km is observed. Finally, in comparison to recent works using Detection of Electro-Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions (DEMETER) data by Fiser et al. and Chum et al., we find that C/NOFS successfully detects whistlers with comparable amplitudes at much greater distances, compared to those reported for DEMETER.