German health-related environmental monitoring: assessing time trends of the general population's exposure to heavy metals.
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health(2013)
摘要
The German system of a health-related environmental monitoring is based upon two instruments: The German Environmental Survey (GerES) and the Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB). The ESB is a tool to describe time trends of human exposure. Each year approx. 500 students from 4 sampling locations are analysed for their heavy metal contents in blood, blood plasma, and urine. GerES is a nationwide representative cross-sectional study that has been conducted four times up to now. Both instruments have been used to measure heavy metals over the last decades and thus provide complementary information.
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关键词
HBM,Monitoring,Time trends,GerES,ESB,Heavy metals,Uranium,Nickel
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