Urothelial Injury to the Rabbit Bladder from Various Alkaline and Acidic Solutions Used to Dissolve Kidney Stones

Different irrigating solutions are used clinically to dissolve uric acid, cystine and struvite stones. These studies were undertaken to assess the toxicity to the rabbit bladder epithelium of several commonly used formulations. Test solutions were infused antegrade through a left ureterotomy overnight. Bladders were removed and routine histological sections made.