The Impacts of Collective Action and Property Rights on Plant Genetic Resources

The loss of agricultural biodiversity can reduce food security, increase economic uncertainty, and threaten the viability and sustainability of agricultural systems. Often overlooked in the discussion about genetic erosion is the role that collective action and property rights play in controlling the propagation and use of landrace varieties. This paper presents examples from around the world of collective management practices over plant genetic resources, and discusses some of the impacts that private property rights legislation could have on the conservation of plant genetic resources. Reflecting upon recent advances in related research areas, the paper concludes with suggestions of directions for future research in this emergent topic.