Cannabis Vaping Is Associated With Past 30-Day Suicide Attempts and Suicidal Ideation Among Adolescents in a Psychiatric Inpatient Setting

Objective Increasing evidence links adolescent cannabis use (CU) to suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB). CU may be associated with both developing and “self-medicating” psychiatric symptoms. Although relatively new, cannabis vaping is increasing among adolescents. This chart review investigation evaluated the association between cannabis vaping and STB among adolescents experiencing acute psychiatric symptomatology. Method The sample included 470 adolescents (ages 11-18; 64% biological female) admitted to an inpatient psychiatric hospital between 2021-2023. Adolescents completed an assessment battery measuring CU, psychiatric symptoms, and STB. Separate regressions tested links between cannabis vaping and two outcomes—past 30-day suicide attempt and suicidal ideation (SI)—controlling for age and biological sex. Results In this sample, 26.8% reported past 30-day suicide attempts; 44.3% endorsed ever using cannabis, and 31.5% reported past 30-day CU. Of adolescents who ever used cannabis, 30.8% reported their most frequent method was vaping. Vaping as the most frequent cannabis method was associated with past 30-day suicide attempts (aOR = 2.38, p = 0.002) and greater SI (b = 8.71, p = .020). The association remained significant for suicide attempts, but marginally significant for SI (p = .087), after controlling for depressive symptoms, impulse control, psychosocial impairment, and past 30-day substance use. Conclusion Vaping as the most frequent method of CU was significantly associated with suicide attempts and SI. Because data are cross-sectional, causality cannot be inferred. Nonetheless, cannabis vaping is important to assess among adolescents with acute psychiatric concerns because it may place them at higher risk for suicidal thoughts and attempts.