Conical porous hollow g-C3N4 charge separation with high efficiency for enhancing visible-light photocatalytic activity

The performance of the photocatalysts is influenced by factors such as electron generation ability, charge separation rate, and active sites distribution. In this study, needle-shaped precursors were prepared through low-temperature supramolecular self-assembly, and conical porous hollow carbon nitride (PHCN) was obtained after high-temperature pyrolysis. The PHCN not only possesses a thin-walled porous structure but also contains nitrogen defects embedded in its structure, which synergistically enhance the efficiency of photogenerated charge separation and provide more reactive sites. The DFT calculations showed that nitrogen defects and Pt-loading synergistically optimize the intermediate reaction process of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). PHCN had excellent photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) and Rhodamine B (Rh B). The photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of PHCN was 20.0 times higher than that of bulk g-C3N4 (BCN). This study elucidated the relationship between crystallization rate and precursor morphology, as well as the influence of their physicochemical properties on photocatalytic performance. It also lays the foundation for constructing materials with nitrogen defects and special morphology through supramolecular self-assembly.