Powdery mildew of mango current status, prospective and emerging tools for management

Mango is an important fruit crop which belongs to family Anacardiacae. It considered most delicious fruit cultivated in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. In Pakistan mango ranked 2nd in term of production after citrus. It plays a vital role to enrich the economy of the country. But its production is hampered by a number of biotic and abiotic Stresses. Fungal pathogens are the major threat to successful production of mango.Powdery mildew, caused by the fungus Pseudoidium anacardii (formerly Oidium mangiferae), poses a significant threat to mango crops worldwide, leading to substantial losses in yield. Previous studies confirmed that around 20-25% of yield losses of mango production occur due to powdery mildew disease with 100% of incidence in growing areas. The most severe losses occur when flowering and growth flushes become infected, especially during cool and dry weather conditions. Optimal disease development typically happens within a temperature range of 11–14 °C minimum and 27–31 °C maximum, coupled with relative humidity levels of 64–72%. Despite its widespread impact, and influence of climate change losses are increasing day by day; There is a lack of comprehensive research on the symptoms, biology, and control measures. Control is difficult due to emergence of resistant strains and varying levels of susceptibility of mango varieties. Therefore, it is crucial to implement integrated management techniques to control powdery mildew. To address this issue, various approaches such as chemical control, biological control and Nano technological methods are being employed as management strategies. This review included the brief explanation of different management strategies using against powdery mildew of mango with reference to previous studies.