Integrated Sensorless Wireless Charging Using Symmetric High-Order Network for Multistorey Car Parks

For multistorey car parks, this paper proposes and implements an integrated sensorless wireless charging (SWC) system of electric vehicles (EVs) using a symmetric high-order network that is designed to mirror the electrical parameters of the onboard receiver and battery. The proposed SWC control can avoid the need of communicating and sensing the receiver's and battery's states. It possesses the competitive advantages of being controller-free, sensor-free, communication-free, converter-free, and switch-free onboard. Given the efficient charging for millions of EVs, this integrated SWC scheme can effectively reduce the electrical and electronic component counts, which aligns with the themes of carbon neutrality and environmental sustainability. By detecting the current threshold and then switching two resonant frequencies, the symmetric high-order network enables the autonomous management of constant-current and constant-voltage charging modes while maintaining the zero-phase-angle operation. The experimental DC-to-DC efficiency can reach 91.8% based on a 2.4-kW proofof-concept prototype at a 150-mm transfer distance. Software simulation and hardware experimentation are given to verify the feasibility of proposed integrated SWC system using the symmetric high-order network.