Low-Overhead Defect-Adaptive Surface Code with Bandage-Like Super-Stabilizers
arxiv(2024)
摘要
To make practical quantum algorithms work, large-scale quantum processors
protected by error-correcting codes are required to resist noise and ensure
reliable computational outcomes. However, a major challenge arises from defects
in processor fabrication, as well as occasional losses or cosmic rays during
the computing process, all of which can lead to qubit malfunctions and disrupt
error-correcting codes' normal operations. In this context, we introduce an
automatic adapter to implement the surface code on defective lattices. Unlike
previous approaches, this adapter leverages newly proposed bandage-like
super-stabilizers to save more qubits when defects are clustered, thus
enhancing the code distance and reducing super-stabilizer weight. For instance,
in comparison with earlier methods, with a code size of 27 and a random defect
rate of 2%, the disabled qubits decrease by 1/3, and the average preserved
code distance increases by 63%. This demonstrates a significant reduction in
overhead when handling defects using our approach, and this advantage amplifies
with increasing processor size and defect rates. Our work presents a
low-overhead, automated solution to the challenge of adapting the surface code
to defects, an essential step towards scaling up the construction of
large-scale quantum computers for practical applications.
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