Molecular Aspects of Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma and Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Salivary Gland

Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) are rare and highly heterogeneous lesions, making diagnosis a challenging activity. In addition, the small number of studies and samples evaluated difficults the determination of prognosis and diagnosis. Despite the solid advances achieved by research, there is still an intense need to investigate biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and that explain the evolution and progression of SGTs. We performed a comprehensive literature review of the molecular alterations focusing on the most frequent malignant SGTs: mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma. Due to the importance of biomarkers in the tumorigenenic process, this review aimed to address the mechanisms involved and to describe molecular and biomarker pathways to better understand some aspects of the pathophysiology of salivary gland tumorigenesis. Molecular analysis is essential not only to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of the tumors but also to identify novel driver pathways in the precision medicine scenario.