Energy cooperatives in brazil as agents of energy transition and regional development

Energy plays a fundamental role in modern society. Accelerating the global energy transition is necessary due to the effects of climate change, which is a challenge for governments that must balance conflicting agendas. Energy cooperatives have the potential to promote renewable energies and sustainable cities and have been growing in Brazil. This research investigates the possibility that Brazilian energy cooperatives may present for energy transition and regional development. Interviews reveal that cooperatives are motivated by environmental concerns, solidarity economy, and access to solar energy for low-income communities. Regarding the energy transition, they promote energy democratization, cost reduction, and regional development. However, they face significant challenges such as cultural resistance, lack of understanding, bureaucracy, obtaining financial resources, ambiguous regulation, and the influence of economic power. The research fills a gap in the Brazilian context, providing theoretical and practical information that can be applied to improve the renewable energy sector and enhance its environmental, economic, and social benefits.