Research on calcination thermal decomposition process of simulated high-level liquid waste based on two-step vitrification

The two-step vitrification process involves converting high-level waste from a liquid to a solid state through calcination, followed by melting the calcines with glass matrix material to form glassy wasteforms. The calcination process is a critical stage in the vitrification process. This study investigated the thermal decomposition performance and phase evolution of power reactor simulated high-level waste during the calcination process. As the calcination temperature increased from 100 to 900 °C, the resultant waste calcines showed increasingly darker color and smaller general particle sizes. Below 600 °C, the waste experienced thermal decomposition of nitrate and formate compounds, leading to an approximate 40 wt% weight reduction. At 600 °C, the waste's weight remained constant, and crystalline phases such as ZrxM1-xO2 (M = Ce, Pr, Nd), BaMoO4, CeO2, and GdxCe1-xO2 were observed.